円

See also: 圓, 圆, and 靑

円 U+5186, 円 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5186 ← 内 [U+5185] CJK Unified Ideographs 冇 → [U+5187]

Translingual

Stroke order (Japan)

Traditional	圓
Shinjitai	円
Simplified	圆

Han character

円 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY) or 月中一 (BLM), composition ⿵冂丄 or ⿵冂亠)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 128, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1513
• Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 96, character 18
• Unihan data for U+5186

Chinese

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 円 – see 圓 (“circle; circular; round; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 圓).

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		円

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 円(えん) (en).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuán, rìyuán (yuan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ, ㄖˋ ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun², jen¹
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶gnioe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
    • Wade–Giles: yüan²
    • Yale: ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
    • Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rìyuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄖˋ ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rìhyuán
    • Wade–Giles: jih⁴-yüan²
    • Yale: r̀-ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ryhyuan
    • Palladius: жиюань (žijuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Note: rìyuán - reading it as 日圓.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyun², jen¹
    • Yale: yún, colloquial sounds not defined
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn², jen¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun², colloquial sounds not defined
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn³⁵/, /jɛːn⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnioe
    • MiniDict: nyoe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyyoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²³/

Definitions

円

1. Synonym of 日元 (rìyuán, “Japanese yen”)

Japanese

Shinjitai	円
Kyūjitai	圓

Glyph origin

Japanese simplification of 圓, via a simplified character similar to 𠮚.

Specifically, starting in the beginning of the Meiji period, the 員 in the middle of the character was abbreviated to 丨 in handwriting. As time went on, the bottom stroke of 囗 gradually rose, until by the time of the adoption of the shinjitai characters, it had reached or even surpassed the box's centre.

Kanji

円

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 圓)

1. circle
2. yen

Readings

• Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
• Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
• Kun: つぶら (tsubura, 円ら); つぶらか (tsuburaka, 円らか); まと (mato); まどか (madoka, 円か); まどやか (madoyaka, 円やか); まる (maru, 円); まるい (marui, 円い, Jōyō); まるめる (marumeru, 円める); まろ (maro, 円); まろい (maroi, 円い); まろかす (marokasu, 円かす); まろかる (marokaru, 円かる); まろぐ (marogu, 円ぐ); まろむ (maromu, 円む); まろめる (maromeru, 円める); まろやか (maroyaka, 円やか); まろらか (maroraka, 円らか)
• Nanori: つぶら (tsubura); のぶ (nobu); まどか (madoka); みつ (mitsu)

Compounds

• 円(まど)居(い) (madoi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
円
えん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
圓 (kyūjitai)

/wen/ → /eɴ/

From Middle Chinese 圓 (MC zjwen|hjwen), with the original sense of "circle, roundness".

The yen sense came much later in the Meiji period, from Chinese 圓／圆 (yuán), itself from 銀圓／银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”). Compare Chinese 元 (yuán, “yuan”) and Korean 원 (won, “Korean won”). Doublet of 元 (gen, “yuan (Chinese currency)”), ユアン (yuan, “yuan (Chinese currency)”), and ウォン (won, “won (Korean currency)”).

The yen became the official currency of Japan in 1871, succeeding the 両 (ryō) and the 文 (mon).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) え​ん [éꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

円(えん) • (en) ^{←ゑん (wen)?}

1. a round or circular object; a circle; roundness
2. (mathematics) circle (set of all points in plane at a given distance and at a given point)

   Synonym: 円周 (enshū)

3. yen

   one yen is equal to 100 銭 (sen)

   Synonym: 円貨 (enka)

   • 1989 November 10 [1988 May 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ミニチュア製造カメラ [Miniature-Generating Camera]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・Ｆ・不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 3), 2nd edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 322:

     一(いち)億(おく)円(えん)⁉いらん帰(かえ)れ

     Ichioku-en⁉ Iran kaere

     100 million yen!? Get outta here!

     一(いっ)千(せん)万(まん)円(えん)でいい　百(ひゃく)万(まん)円(えん)！十(じゅう)万(まん)円(えん)！一(いち)万(まん)円(えん)！

     Issenman-en de ii Hyakuman-en! Jūman-en! Ichiman-en!

     Okay, 10 million yen then. 1 million! 100,000! 10,000!

Derived terms

Derived terms

• (circle):
  • 円(えん)軌(き)道(どう) (en kidō)
  • 円(えん)グラフ (en-gurafu, “pie chart”)
  • 外(がい)接(せつ)円(えん) (gaisetsuen)
  • 四(し)分(ぶん)円(えん) (shibun-en)
  • 内(ない)接(せつ)円(えん) (naisetsuen)
  • 大(だい)円(えん) (daien)
  • 同(どう)心(しん)円(えん) (dōshin'en)
  • 半(はん)円(えん) (han'en)
• (yen):
  • 円(えん)高(だか) (endaka, “strong yen”)
  • 円(えん)安(やす) (en'yasu, “weak yen”)
  • 円(えん)為(かわ)替(せ) (en-kawase, “yen exchange”)
  • 円(えん)価(か) (enka, “yen value”)
  • 円(えん)貨(か) (enka)
  • 円(えん)記(き)号(ごう) (en kigō, the yen symbol, ¥)
  • 円(えん)借(しゃっ)款(かん) (en shakkan)
  • 円(えん)相(そう)場(ば) (en sōba, “yen exchange rate”)
  • 円(えん)建(だ)て (en-date)

Descendants

• → Chinese: 円
• → English: yen
  • → Vietnamese: yên
• → French: yen
• → German: Yen
• → Greek: γιεν (gien)
• → Korean: 엔 (en)
• → Portuguese: iene
• → Russian: иена (ijena)
• → Thai: เยน (yeen)

See also

• ¥

Affix

円(えん) • (en) ^{←ゑん (wen)?}

1. circular; round
2. smooth; harmonious
3. yen: the official currency of Japan

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 円(えん)運(うん)動(どう) (en undō, “circular motion”)
• 円(えん)蓋(がい) (engai, “dome”)
• 円(えん)滑(かつ) (enkatsu)
• 円(えん)罐(かま) (enkama)
• 円(えん)環(かん) (enkan)
• 円(えん)規(き) (enki, “compass (drawing tool)”)
• 円(えん)丘(きゅう) (enkyū)
• 円(えん)鏡(きょう) (enkyō)
• 円(えん)形(けい) (enkei)
• 円(えん)弧(こ) (enko)
• 円(えん)光(こう) (enkō)
• 円(えん)寂(じゃく) (enjaku)
• 円(えん)周(しゅう) (enshū, “circle”)
• 円(えん)熟(じゅく) (enjuku)
• 円(えん)心(しん) (enshin)
• 円(えん)陣(じん) (enjin)
• 円(えん)錐(すい) (ensui)
• 円(えん)窓(そう) (ensō)
• 円(えん)卓(たく) (entaku)
• 円(えん)柱(ちゅう) (enchū)
• 円(えん)虫(ちゅう)類(るい) (enchūrui)
• 円(えん)頂(ちょう) (enchō)
• 円(えん)転(てん) (enten)
• 円(えん)筒(とう) (entō)
• 円(えん)盤(ばん) (enban)
• 円(えん)舞(ぶ) (enbu)
• 円(えん)墳(ぷん) (enpun)
• 円(えん)偏(へん)光(こう) (en henkō)
• 円(えん)本(ぽん) (Enpon)
• 円(えん)満(まん) (enman)
• 円(えん)顱(ろ) (enro)
• 一(いち)円(えん) (ichien)
• 団(だん)円(えん) (dan'en)
• 楕(だ)円(えん), 橢(だ)円(えん) (daen), 長(ちょう)円(えん) (chōen, “oval, ellipse”)
• 方(ほう)円(えん) (hōen)
• 遊(ゆう)動(どう)円(えん)木(ぼく) (yūdōenboku)
• 卵(らん)円(えん)孔(こう) (ran'enkō)

Proper noun

円(えん) • (En) ^{←ゑん (wen)?}

1. a surname
2. a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
円
まろ Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
圓 (kyūjitai)

⟨maro₂⟩ → /maro/

From Old Japanese.

Noun

円(まろ) • (maro) 

1. (archaic) Alternative spelling of 丸 (“roundness, plumpness”)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 円(まろ)し (maroshi), 円(まろ)い (maroi, “round”)
• 円(まろ)み (maromi)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
円
まる Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
圓 (kyūjitai)

/maro/ → /maru/

Sound shift from maro above.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) まる [màrú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ma̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

円(まる) • (maru) 

1. Alternative spelling of 丸 (“circle”)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 円(まる)し (marushi), 円(まる)い (marui, “round”)
• 円(まる)み (marumi)
• 円(まる)顔(がお) (marugao)
• 円(まる)鏡(かがみ) (marukagami)
• 円(まる)形(がた), 円(まる)型(がた) (marugata)
• 円(まる)鉋(がんな) (maruganna)
• 円(まる)錐(ぎり) (marugiri)
• 円(まる)天(てん)井(じょう) (maru tenjō)
• 円(まる)刃(ば) (maruba)
• 円(マル)花(ハナ)蜂(バチ) (maru-hanabachi, “bumblebee”)
• 円(まる)盆(ぼん) (marubon)
• 円(まる)窓(まど) (marumado)
• 円(まる)屋(や)根(ね) (maruyane, “cupola”)
• 黒(くろ)円(まる) (kuromaru)

Prefix

円(まる) • (maru-) 

1. Alternative spelling of 丸: prefix to numbers remaining constant
2. Alternative spelling of 丸: prefix to noun to mean an object is completely in that noun

Proper noun

円(まる) • (Maru) 

1. a unisex given name

Etymology 4

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

円(のどか) or 円(つぶら) or 円(まどか) or 円(まろか) or 円(みつ) or 円(めぐる) • (Nodoka or Tsubura or Madoka or Maroka or Mitsu or Meguru) 

1. a female given name

Proper noun

円(つぶら) or 円(まどか) or 円(まとめ) • (Tsubura or Madoka or Matome) 

1. a surname

Proper noun

円(まろし) • (Maroshi) 

1. a unisex given name

Korean

Hanja in this term
円

Hanja

円 (eum 엔 (en))

1. hanja for names

Usage notes

This is the only character whose pronunciation is from modern Japanese, not from Classical Chinese.

Vietnamese

Han character

円: Hán Nôm readings: viên

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